After the battle of Mantinea, Athens stood as the most powerful state with two possible future enemy powers against her, both kingdoms, Caria -a land and sea power- and Macedonia -a land power. Of the two, Athens considered Caria to pose a threat, but it was Macedonia that developed into the force to occupy the entire known world.
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The transition from the particularism of the city-states to a united front with a common goal was an idea expressed by Isocrates and othen men who saw the historical inevitability of such a union. He could envision the ecumenical prospects of Macedonia united with the rest of the Greek city-states.
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Philippos' plans to unite the Greeks in an alliance encountered the resistance of the Athenians as expressed in the speeches of Demosthenes.
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Demosthenes was born in 382 or 381 B.C. in a family of considerable wealth and high social standing. When his father died in c. 375 B.C., he left his factories of swords and furniture in the care of three guardians, who administered the fortune with carelessness, thus saving only a small percentage for Demosthenes.
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At the period of Philippos' accession, the military force of Macedonia consisted of a well-armed cavalry trained to charge in order and equipped with short spear for close compact.
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Zagori is an area of great natural beauty and unique architecture in the Pindus Mountains in Epirus in Northwestern Greece. The area is of about 1.000 square kilometers and contains 46 villages. Zagoria villages is called by Greeks “Zagorochoria” meaning the villages behind the mountain.
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In 1989, Professor of Byzantine Studies, Helen Ahrweiler is appointed Chairman of the Cultural Centre Pompidou in Paris